Illustrated History of Sicily

A visual journey through the land, cuisine, people, language, and living traditions of Sicily — the crossroads of civilizations.

Illustrated History of Sicily

A visual journey through the land, cuisine, people, language, and living traditions of Sicily — the crossroads of civilizations.

Chapter 2

Golden Age of the Greek World

Greek Colonization — 734–241 BC

This chapter sets the stage to gain greater understanding of  Sicilian historical events of the 5th century BC, by exploring the parallel events occurring on the Greek Mainland, during the same period.  Known as the Golden Age of Greek civilization, the 5th century BC witnessed the Persian Wars, the construction of the Parthenon in Athens, the rise of the Athenian Empire, and its wars against Sparta and its allies. This was also a period where Greek arts, philosophy and culture flourished and spread around the ancient world.

The chapter covers the significance of the Persian Wars (490–479 BC), explaining how a united Greek world defeated successive invasions by the massive and powerful Persian Empire, and how this victory created the conditions for Greek cultural supremacy across the Mediterranean. It examines the rise of Athens and Sparta, their rivalry during the Peloponnesian War, and the eventual decline of the Greek mainland city-states. Understanding this context is essential because these key events of mainland Greece had a profound impact on the events occurring in Greek Sicily during the same period.

Archeological evidence dates the earliest settlements within Sicily back to

This chapter sets the stage to gain greater understanding of

Sicilian Greek history is dominated by a succession of powerful

The Roman conquest of Sicily was the product of the

Christianity came early to Sicily. Tradition holds that Saint Paul

The Byzantine reconquest of Sicily was led by Belisarius, Emperor

The Arab conquest of Sicily began in 827 AD when

To understand the Norman Kingdom of Sicily, one must first

The Norman invasion of Sicily was a 30-year campaign of

On Christmas Day 1130, Roger II, the son of the

Upon the death of King Roger II of Sicily in

Every golden age must end. For Norman Sicily, the end

The chapter traces the regency period following the death of

The chapter begins with the establishment of a brutal and

This chapter begins with the consolidation of the kingdoms of

At the end of the long Spanish decline, rule of

From 1735 until the Italian unification of 1860, Sicily was

The year 1848 is known in European history as the

On May 11, 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi landed at the port

The fall of the Bourbons in 1860 completed one of

Far from romanticizing this early period of Italian unification, the

This chapter describes the daily life for the great masses

This chapter covers the period from roughly 1890 to 1940

On July10, 1943, the Allied forces launched Operation Husky, the

Post-war Sicily faced enormous challenges: rebuilding shattered cities, multiple humanitarian

By the late 1970s the despair of the Sicilian people

The final chapter of Sicilian Odyssey is an epilogue on

Related Chapters

The final chapter of Sicilian Odyssey is an epilogue on

By the late 1970s the despair of the Sicilian people

Post-war Sicily faced enormous challenges: rebuilding shattered cities, multiple humanitarian

Era Cards

Greek Colonization and Rule

For nearly five centuries, Sicily was the jewel of the Greek world. Syracuse rivaled Athens. Akragas rivaled everything.
Learn More

Read the complete chapter, including all maps, images, and the full narrative, in Sicilian Odyssey.

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